Analysis of risk factors for complications following transurethral resection of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the risk factors for complications following transurethral resection of the prostate and provides a reference for reducing postoperative complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 322 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate from April 2015 to January 2022. Among them, 214 patients had complete clinical and follow-up data. Clinical and follow-up data were collected, and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing the occurrence of postoperation transurethral resection of the prostate complications. RESULTS: The incidence of complications after transurethral resection of the prostate was 19.16% (41/214). Among them, the incidence of Grade I-II complications was 14.96% (32/214), and Grade III-IV complications were 4.2% (9/214). The preoperative Quality of Life score (p<0.001) was identified as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of Grade I-II complications after transurethral resection of the prostate. The International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.006) was identified as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of Grade III-IV complications after transurethral resection of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative Quality of Life score is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of Grade I-II complications after transurethral resection of the prostate. The International Prostate Symptom Score is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of Grade III-IV complications after transurethral resection of the prostate.

["Double Grooves-Double Rings" technique of transurethral Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate: learning curve of single surgeon].

Objective: To evaluate the learning curve of the "Double Grooves-Double Rings" (DGDR) technique of transurethral Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by a single surgeon. From June 2021 to July 2022, 84 patients mean age (69.0±8.0) years,preoperative prostate volume (90.9±40.3)ml with BPH underwent ThuLEP in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital.Performed by a single surgeon who had no experience of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and any laser surgeries. The case scatter plots with the best fitting line were drawn to analyze the learning curve. According to the date of the surgeries, the patients were equally divided into three learning stages (28 patients for each group). The T-PSA,prostate volume,operative time,enucleation time, enucleation efficiency,catheter indwelling time, hemoglobin drop and perioperative complications (including re-TURP, blood transfusion, stress incontinence≥3 months and urethral stricture) were compared among the groups. The learning curve was divided into three stages, and the cutting point was shown on the 14th case. Except the prostate volume [stage1 (75.7±30.7) ml, stage2 (93.40±39.6)ml, stage3 (103.5±46.2) ml, P<0.05], there was no significant difference of the baseline data between three groups (P>0.05). Compared with those of stage 1(100.6±24.7) min,(0.55±0.22) g/min, a statistically significant improvement was observed in both of the operative time and the enucleation efficiency among stage 2[(84.5±36.6) min, (0.87±0.33) g/min and stage 3 (71.2±26.3) min, (1.27±0.45) g/min, P<0.05]. The learning curve of the DGDR technique for ThuLEP can be divided into three stages. A ThuLEP beginner can preliminarily master this technique after completing 14 cases.

Histamine excites rat cerebellar Purkinje cells via H2 receptors in vitro.

Recent neuroanatomical studies have revealed a direct hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic pathway. However, the functional significance of the histaminergic fibers in the cerebellum is not yet clear. In this study, the effects of histamine on the firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) were investigated in vitro. Histamine predominantly produced excitatory (106/111, 95.5%) and in a few cases inhibitory (5/111, 4.5%) responses in PCs. The histamine-induced excitation was not blocked by perfusing the slice with low Ca2+ high/Mg2+ medium (n = 8), supporting a direct postsynaptic action of histamine. The histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine effectively blocked the excitatory response of PCs to histamine (n = 20), but triprolidine, an H1 receptor antagonist, could not significantly block the histamine-induced excitation, or only very slightly decreased the excitatory effect of histamine on the cells (n = 13). On the other hand, the highly selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit mimicked the excitatory effect of histamine on PCs and this dimaprit-induced excitation was also blocked by ranitidine (n = 20), but not triprolidine (n = 8). However, the H1 receptor agonists betahistine and 2-thiazolylethylamine did not show any effect on the PCs (n = 9 and 14). These results reveal that histamine excites cerebellar PCs via H2 receptors and suggest that the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers may play an important role in functional activities of the cerebellum.

Simultaneous measurements of temperature and pH in vivo using NMR in conjunction with TmDOTP5-.

NMR techniques for temperature and pH measurements have attracted increasing interest in recent years, motivated in part by the growing importance of medical hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer. The chemical shifts of thulium 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) (TmDOTP5-) have been studied as a function of temperature and pH. The results demonstrate that TmDOTP5- resonance shifts are highly sensitive to temperature (approximately 1.0 ppm/degrees C) and pH (approximately 3.2 ppm/pH unit) at clinically relevant field strengths. A new method is presented which utilizes two magnetically non-equivalent protons in TmDOTP5- for simultaneous NMR measurements of both temperature and pH. The difference in the chemical shift values of pairs of 1H resonances provides a temperature sensitivity of about 1.6 ppm/ degrees C. The technique is demonstrated in live rats undergoing ultrasound-induced hyperthermia therapy.

Trial of antiepilepsirine (AES) in children with epilepsy.

Antieplepsirine (AES) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) which was originally extracted from a Chinese folk remedy, and is now chemically characterized and synthesized. Its chemical structure is different from those of other available AEDs. Animal experiments involving AES demonstrated significant antiepileptic activity. Only a few clinical studies of AES with open trial have been resorted, none of which were on children. A 6.5 month, add-on, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study on AES (10 mg/kg per day) was conducted on epileptic children (aged 1-14 years) refractory to treatment with standard AEDs. The seizure frequency was recorded, and the blood levels of AES and other co-medicated AEDs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate) were determined. Although not planned, patients or parents were allowed to refuse to cross-over to the alternate therapy. The results were compared to the children who crossed-over as well as for the entire group during the first 3 months of randomized treatment. A total of 58 children entered, but only 34/58 children completed the cross-over study. The 24 children whose parents refused to let them be crossed-over continued the original study treatment (AES or placebo) for the entire 6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in seizure control when the entire group of 58 patients was compared to a parallel study group for the first 3 months of therapy (P = 0.178). There was a significant difference (P<0.01) in seizure control between AES and placebo treatment for the 34 patients who completed the entire cross-over study. No significant changes were seen in the blood level of other AEDs, and no serious acute side effects were observed. The results of the present study indicate the efficacy of AES for epileptic children with refractory seizures.

[Studies on chemical constituents of the roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq].

OBJECTIVE: To separate compounds from the root of Gypsophila oldhamiana. METHOD: Chemical and chromatographic methods were used to separate the compounds. IR, MS, NMR were used to determine the structures of compounds. RESULT: Compound pentacosanoic acid, lacceroic acid, beta-sitosterol, alpha-spinasterol, daucosterol and sucrose were identified. CONCLUSION: All the above compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time.

NMR temperature measurements using a paramagnetic lanthanide complex.

NMR thermometry has previously suffered from poor thermal resolution owing to the relatively weak dependence of chemical shift on temperature in diamagnetic molecules. In contrast, the shifts of nuclear spins near a paramagnetic center exhibit strong temperature dependencies. The chemical shifts of the thulium 1,4,7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) complex (TmDOTP5-) have been studied as a function of temperature, pH, and Ca2+ concentration over ranges which may be encountered in vivo. The results demonstrate that the 1H and 31P shifts in TmDOTP5- are highly sensitive to temperature and may be used for NMR thermometry with excellent accuracy and resolution. A new technique is also described which permits simultaneous measurements of temperature and pH changes from the shifts of multiple TmDOTP5- spectral lines.

[Chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria L. and its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus].

Studies on the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria and its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus were completed. Eleven compounds have been isolated. Two of them are new compounds methyl ester dehydrochebulic acid and methyl brevifolin carboxylate. Antiviral experiments on HBsAg in vitro and liver damage caused by CCl4 have shown that. Phyllanthus urinaria possesses antiviral activities against HBV.

[Chemical studies on the constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria L].

Two new phenolic compounds (crystal VI and crystal IX) have been isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria L. (Euphorbiaceae). Their structures were determined by analysis of their UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, 13C-1H COSY, long range 13C-1H COSY, DEPT, EIMS and HREIMS spectral data. Crystal VI was determined as methyl brevifolincarboxylate. Crystal IX was elucidated as trimethyl ester dehydrochebulic acid. All of the signals of the 13C-NMR of these two new compounds have been assigned mainly according to DEPT, 13C-1H COSY and long range 13C-1H COSY. Accompanying these two new compounds, 8 known compounds have been isolated. By using chemical reactions, UV, IR, 1H-NMR, MS, their structures were elucidated as n-octadecane(I), beta-sitosterol(III), ellagic acid(IV), daucosterol(V), kaempferol(VII), quercetin(VIII), gallic acid(X) and rutin(XI). Crystal II is an aldehyde, its structure elucidation is in progress.

[Chemical components of the leaves of Pistacia Chinensis Bge].

Six compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Pistacia chinensis, a species of Anacardiaceae family. Their structures were identified on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, and MS as gallic acid, m-digallic acid, quercetin, 6-0-galloyl arbutin-quercitrin and quercetin-3-0(6''-galloyl)-beta-D-glucosides.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Cynanchum thesioides].

Fourteen constituents were isolated from Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, seven of them have been identified including two new compounds: glyceride-1,3-dipalmito-2-sorbate (4), and thesoideaside (7); and five known compounds: beta-amyrin acetate (I), lupeol acetate (2), alpha-amyrin caprylate (3), tamarixetin (5) and tamarixetin-3-O-beta-D-galacto-pyranoside (6).

[Chemical constituents of the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br].

Compounds were isolated from the aqueous extract of the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida var. major and seven of them were identified as 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)malic acid, quercetin, hyperin, vitexin, rhamnosylvitexin, diethylamine hydrochloride and sorbitol respectively by UV, IR, NMR, MS, some chemical techniques by comparison with the standard spectra of known compounds.

Research on childhood epilepsy in the People's Republic of China.

In the past decade research on childhood epilepsy in our country has progressed in a step-by-step fashion. At first clinical experiences of the diagnosis and treatment of childhood epilepsy and febrile convulsions as to the results of follow-up studies were published. These have helped to overcome the barriers of traditional prejudice and to encourage pediatricians to participate in work dealing with seizures. Research was then aimed at conducting a large-scale epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence and etiology of seizures and to find ways of preventing then. Another important step taken has been the study of the clinical pharmacology of anticonvulsants in order to keep up with the constantly developing new concept of therapeutic drug monitoring. This work has resulted in marked improvement of seizure control. Recently, research on the mechanisms of the seizure phenomenon has been carried out. Seizure models have been established. Present ongoing research topics include neurochemical mechanisms of seizures, particularly in the field of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, the kindling phenomenon and the hereditary aspect of seizure susceptibility.

Patterns of psychiatric consultation in a Chinese general hospital.

The authors conducted a study of psychiatric consultation in a Chinese general hospital. Seventy-five inpatients (0.74% of the patients in the hospital) were referred by different services over a 1-year period. Internal medicine referred the most patients, and organic brain syndromes were the most common diagnoses. Depression was not a frequent diagnosis, but neurasthenia was a fairly common one. None of the referred patients had a diagnosis of alcoholism, drug abuse, or personality disorder. The authors compare these data with those of Western studies and discuss the possible factors influencing psychiatric consultation in China.